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Perilla frutescens - (L.)Britton.
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Common Name
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Shiso, Beefsteakplant, Spreading Beefsteak Plant
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Family
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Lamiaceae or Labiatae
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Synonyms
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P. ocimoides. L.
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Known Hazards
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There
have been cases of toxicity, including dermatitis, pulmonary oedema,
respiratory distress and even death following ingestion by cattle and
horses[274].
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Habitats
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Hills and mountains of central and southern Japan[58]. Sunny and fertile situations in China[147].
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Range
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E. Asia - China, Japan, India.
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Edibility Rating
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Medicinal Rating
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Care
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Summary
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Bloom Color: White. Main Bloom Time: Early summer, Late summer, Mid summer. Form: Upright or erect.
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Physical Characteristics
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Perilla frutescens is a ANNUAL/PERENNIAL growing to 0.6 m (2ft) by 0.3 m (1ft in) at a fast rate.
It is hardy to zone (UK) 8 and is frost tender. It is in flower from
Jul to August. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female
organs)
USDA hardiness zone : 7-10
Suitable for:
light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and prefers well-drained soil.
Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in
the shade. It prefers moist soil.
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Llez |
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| http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Llez |
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Habitats
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Cultivated Beds;
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Edible Uses
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Edible Parts: Flowers; Leaves; Oil; Oil; Seed.
Edible Uses: Colouring; Condiment; Oil; Oil.
Edible
young leaves and seedlings - raw or cooked[46, 116, 178, 183]. The
flavour is strange to western palates at first, some people detecting
cinnamon, others coriander or citrus[206]. Seedlings are added to
salads, older leaves are used as a garnish or flavouring[206]. Older
leaves are also salted and used as a condiment for tofu and as a garnish
for tempura[183]. Leaves from purple cultivars are used to colour
preserved fruits[238]. The leaves can also be dried for later use[206].
The leaves contain about 3.1% protein, 0.8% fat, 4.1% carbohydrate, 1.1%
ash[179]. Immature flower clusters are used as a garnish for soups and
chilled tofu[183]. Older flower clusters are fried and eaten[183]. The
seeds are preserved in salt or are used as a spice in pickles, tempura
and miso[183, 206]. They are one of the ingredients in 'Shichimi' or
'seven spice' mixture[206]. The seed can also be eaten cooked[105, 178].
Seeds from purple-leafed forms of the plant are preferred for culinary
use[238]. The seed contains about 21.5% protein, 43.4% fat, 11.3%
carbohydrate, 4.4% ash[179]. An edible drying oil is obtained from the
seed[46, 171, 183, 272]. It is rich in linolenic acid[57]. The plant
yields an essential oil which is used as a food flavouring in candies
and sauces[183].
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Medicinal Uses
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Plants
For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects
from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before
using a plant medicinally.
Antiasthmatic; Antibacterial; Antidote; Antipyretic; Antiseptic; Antispasmodic; Antitussive; Aromatic; Carminative; Diaphoretic; Emollient;
Expectorant; Pectoral; Stomachic; Tonic.
The
leaves, stems and seeds of shiso are often used in Oriental medicine.
It is a pungent, aromatic, warming herb that is antibacterial, antidote,
antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitussive, aromatic,
carminative, diaphoretic, emollient, expectorant, pectoral, stomachic
and tonic[116, 147, 174, 176, 218, 238]. The leaves are used in the
treatment of colds, chest stuffiness, vomiting, abdominal pain etc[176].
The juice of the leaves is applied to cuts and wounds[272]. The seed is
antiasthmatic, antitussive, emollient and expectorant[176]. It is used
internally in the treatment of asthma, colds and chills, nausea,
abdominal pain, food poisoning and allergic reactions (especially from
seafood), bronchitis and constipation[218, 238]. The stems are a
traditional Chinese remedy for morning sickness[238].]. This herb should
be avoided by pregnant women[222].
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Other Uses
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Essential; Oil; Oil.
A
drying oil obtained from the seed is used in making paints, varnishes,
water proofing etc[46, 57, 105, 171, 238]. The plant yields 0.3 - 1.3%
essential oil, which contains 20% citral[240]. It is used as a food
flavouring and in dental products[238].
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Cultivation details
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Landscape
Uses:Border, Container, Specimen. Prefers a light soil[1, 206].
Requires a rich well-drained moisture-retentive soil in full sun[200].
Plants require a well-drained soil but do not need particularly fertile
soil[206]. Prefers an acid soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6[206]. The
plant is not frost hardy and requires temperatures above 18°c if it is
to grow well[206]. The plant requires short days in order to
flower[206]. Shiso is often cultivated in the Orient as a food
flavouring. There are some named varieties, those with purple leaves
being preferred for seed production[183, 206, 238]. Shiso is also
cultivated for the oil obtained from its seed[50, 171]. It is sometimes
used in sub-tropical bedding schemes in Britain[1]. Special
Features:Attractive foliage, Invasive, Naturalizing.
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Propagation
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Surface-sow
or only lightly cover the seed in mid spring in a greenhouse. The seed
germinates best at 20°c, though it also succeeds at slightly lower
temperatures[206]. Germination is usually quick, prick out the seedlings
into trays or individual pots when they are large enough to handle and
plant them out into their permanent positions in early summer[200, K].
Give the plants some protection such as a cloche until they are growing
away well. The seed has a short viability and should be used when less
than a year old[206].
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 You can download this page as a PDF
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Botanical References
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58200
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Links / References
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[K] Ken Fern Notes from observations, tasting etc at Plants For A Future and on field trips.
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[1]F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956
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Comprehensive listing of species and how to grow them. Somewhat
outdated, it has been replaces in 1992 by a new dictionary (see [200]).
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[46]Uphof. J. C. Th. Dictionary of Economic Plants.
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An excellent and very comprehensive guide but it only gives very
short descriptions of the uses without any details of how to utilize
the plants. Not for the casual reader.
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[50]? Flora Europaea
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An immense work in 6 volumes (including the index). The standard
reference flora for europe, it is very terse though and with very
little extra information. Not for the casual reader.
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[57]Schery. R. W. Plants for Man.
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Fairly readable but not very comprehensive. Deals with plants
from around the world.
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[58]Ohwi. G. Flora of Japan. (English translation)
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The standard work. Brilliant, but not for the casual reader.
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[105]Tanaka. T. Tanaka's Cyclopaedia of Edible Plants of the World.
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The most comprehensive guide to edible plants I've come across.
Only the briefest entry for each species, though, and some of the
entries are more than a little dubious. Not for the casual reader.
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[116]Brooklyn Botanic Garden Oriental Herbs and Vegetables, Vol 39 No. 2.
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A small booklet packed with information.
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[147]? A Barefoot Doctors Manual.
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A very readable herbal from China, combining some modern methods
with traditional chinese methods.
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[171]Hill. A. F. Economic Botany.
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Not very comprehensive, but it is quite readable and goes into
some a bit of detail about the plants it does cover.
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[174]Kariyone. T. Atlas of Medicinal Plants.
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A good Japanese herbal.
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[176]Yeung. Him-Che. Handbook of Chinese Herbs and Formulas.
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An excellent Chinese herbal giving information on over 500
species. Rather technical and probably best suited to the more
accomplished user of herbs.
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[178]Stuart. Rev. G. A. Chinese Materia Medica.
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A translation of an ancient Chinese herbal. Fascinating.
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[179]Reid. B. E. Famine Foods of the Chiu-Huang Pen-ts'ao.
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A translation of an ancient Chinese book on edible wild foods.
Fascinating.
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[183]Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants.
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Excellent. Contains a very wide range of conventional and
unconventional food plants (including tropical) and where they can be
obtained (mainly N. American nurseries but also research institutes and a
lot of other nurseries from around the world.
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[200]Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992.
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Excellent and very comprehensive, though it contains a number of
silly mistakes. Readable yet also very detailed.
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[206]Larkcom J. Oriental Vegetables
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Well written and very informative.
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[218]Duke. J. A. and Ayensu. E. S. Medicinal Plants of China
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Details of over 1,200 medicinal plants of China and brief
details of their uses. Often includes an analysis, or at least a list of
constituents. Heavy going if you are not into the subject.
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[222]Foster. S. & Duke. J. A. A Field Guide to Medicinal Plants. Eastern and Central N. America.
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A concise book dealing with almost 500 species. A line drawing
of each plant is included plus colour photographs of about 100 species.
Very good as a field guide, it only gives brief details about the plants
medicinal properties.
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[238]Bown. D. Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses.
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A very well presented and informative book on herbs from around
the globe. Plenty in it for both the casual reader and the serious
student. Just one main quibble is the silly way of having two separate
entries for each plant.
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[240]Chopra. R. N., Nayar. S. L. and Chopra. I. C. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (Including the Supplement).
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Very terse details of medicinal uses of plants with a wide range
of references and details of research into the plants chemistry. Not
for the casual reader.
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[272]Manandhar. N. P. Plants and People of Nepal
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Excellent book, covering over 1,500 species of useful plants
from Nepal together with information on the geography and peoples of
Nepal. Good descriptions of the plants with terse notes on their uses.
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Subject : Perilla frutescens
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